The former player: 'I hoped to continue playing'
Important note: This article contains details of discriminatory language and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that going public to reveal racial discrimination in rugby union led his professional journey to an premature conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the sport, showing Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to end my career because of what happened," he told reporters.
"I wanted to continue playing, of course I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were investigations going on.
"That was difficult - I had to just accept the outcome and accept that this entire situation is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "on the balance of probability", but said it could not collect sufficient proof to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to media he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his first game in 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and some just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the problem that I've myself suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a extended period you just learn to believe that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was finally motivated to go public after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the elite game and to the implementation of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has given significant attention on diversity and inclusion in rugby union and a great deal of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and shared his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"The organization are continuing work with clubs and stakeholders in the professional game to strive for a environment of inclusivity but acknowledge this takes time and is an ongoing process."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has in-person training on building welcoming cultures, with its effectiveness tracked via specific documentation and feedback.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our eyes, you have achieved so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff died soon after the filming of the film, and his sibling died earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the sport more accessible.
His 12 Foundation aims to connect with young people in disadvantaged communities and support them thrive both on the field with complimentary sports training, mentoring and dietary education.
"My personal intentions are pure, I want to see the progress of the game and if nobody else is prepared to share their story then I'll continue to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for myself," he explained.
"Everyone involved have an responsibility to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the longer I speak about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will feel about sharing their own stories as well.
"I take the challenge by the horns and keep bearing this banner and keep supporting this weight and do what I can to develop opportunities and make the sport more appealing and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that rugby has the potential to change their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in November 2022